Industry 4.0, Smart Factory, and Industrial Internet – these are some of the terms used to describe the social and technological revolution that promises to change the current industrial landscape. We will start off by looking at the key drivers and the broader vision for the transformation of the entire global value chain, including communication, planning, logistics, and production. Next, we will look at some concrete business cases as well as potential obstacles on the way. Finally, we will describe some current ongoing projects in the Bosch ecosystem and discuss what they can teach us on the way towards the next generation of production systems.